1.
What
is an ABAP data dictionary?
- ABAP(Advanced Business Application Programming) 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the objects used
in application development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying
relational database in tables/views.
2.
What
are domains and data element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the
technical characteristics of an attribute of an business objects. It describes
the value range of the field. Data Element: It is used to describe the semantic
definition of the table fields like description the field. Data element
describes how a field can be displayed to end-user.
3.
What
is foreign key relationship?-
A relationship which can be defined between tables and must be explicitly
defined at field level. Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of
data. Data entered should be checked against existing data to ensure that there
are now contradiction. While defining foreign key relationship cardinality has
to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent records or how
referenced records are possible.
4.
Describe
data classes.- Master data: It is
the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is the data which is
often changed. Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in
the system when the system is configured and is then rarely changed. System
data:It is the data which R/3 system needs for itself.
5.
What
are indexes?- Indexes are
described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields. This data
exists in sorted form. This sorting form ease fast access to the field of the
tables. In order that other fields are also read, a pointer to the associated
record of the actual table are included in the index. Yhe indexes are activated
along with the table and are created automatically with it in the
database.
6.
Difference
between transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent tables in the dictionary has
a one-to-one relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to
single database field. Table in the database has the same name as in the
dictionary. Transparent table holds application data. Pooled tables. Pooled
tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table in database.
Table in the database has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table
are stored in table pool at the database level
.
7.
What
is an ABAP/4 Query?- ABAP/4 Query is a
powerful tool to generate simple reports without any coding. ABAP/4 Query can
generate the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports.
Statistics: Reports with statistical functions like Average, Percentages.
Ranked Lists: For analytical reports. - For creating a ABAP/4 Query, programmer
has to create user group and a functional group. Functional group can be created
using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group to
functional group. Finally, create a query on the functional group
generated.
8.
What
is BDC programming?- Transferring of
large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch Input programming. Batch
input is a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch DataCommunications).The central component of the transfer is a queue file which
receives the data vie a batch input programs and groups associated data into
"sessions".
9.
What
are the functional modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules which are
used in a sequence to perform a data transfer successfully using BDC
programming: BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like Name of the client, sessions and
user name are specified in this functional modules. BDC_INSERT - It is used to
insert the data for one transaction into a session. BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is
used to close the batch input session.
10.
What
are internal tables?- Internal tables are
a standard data type object which exists only during the runtime of the
program. They are used to perform table calculations on subsets of database
tables and for re-organising the contents of database tables according to users
need.
11.
What
is ITS? What are the merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an interface
between HTTP server and R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the
R/3 system into HTML documents and vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web
transaction can be developed and tested in R/3 system. All transaction
components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3 system at runtime,
can be stored in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing
in the R/3 system can be utilized to language-dependent HTML documents at
runtime.
12.
What
is DynPro?- DynPro is a Dynamic
Programming which is a combination of screen and the associated flow logic
Screen is also called as DynPro.
13.
What
are screen painter and menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and
maintain screen and its elements. It allows user to create GUI screens for the
transactions. Attributes, layout, filed attributes and flow logic are the
elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is a tool to design the interface
components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and titles
are the components of Menu painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are
the graphical interface of an ABAP/4 applications.
14.
What
are the components of SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has the
following components: Standard text. It is like a standard normal documents.
Layout sets. - Layout set consists of the following components: Windows and
pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats. Creating forms in the R/3 system.
Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string. ABAP/4
program.
15.
What
is ALV programming in ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List viewer. Sap provides
a set of ALV (ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into use to
embellish the output of a report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance
the readability and functionality of any report output. Cases arise in sap when
the output of a report contains columns extending more than 255 characters in
length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose selected
columns and arrange the different columns from a report output and also save
different variants for report display. This is a very efficient tool for
dynamically sorting and arranging the columns from a report output. The report
output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the wide array of
display options.
16.
What
are the events in ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection,
end-of-selection, top-of-page, end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command,
At PF, Get, At New, At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
17.
What
is CTS and what do you know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool that helps you
to organize development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and
then transport the changes between the SAP Systems and clients in your system
landscape. This documentation provides you with an overview of how to manage
changes with the CTS and essential information on setting up your system and
client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read and follow this
documentation when planning your development project.
18.
What
are logical databases? What are the
advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To read data from a database
tables we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access to
a group of related tables to an ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions
which check that user input is complete, correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful
data selection. iii)central authorization checks for database accesses. iv)good
read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data view determined
by the application logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical
database in the program attributes,the GET events never occur. ii)There is no
ENDGET command,so the code block associated with an event ends with the next
event statement (such as another GET or an END-OF-SELECTION).
19.
What
is a batch input session?-
BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal table and database
table. Data along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen
fields, to which screen it is passed, program name behind it, and how next
screen is processed.
20.
How
to upload data using CATT ?-
These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through CATT: Creation of the
CATT test case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source
file template. Modification of the source file. Upload of the data from the
source file.
21.
What
is Smart Forms?- Smart Forms
allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with robust
functionality, color, and more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP
will be created with the new Smart Form solution.
22.
How
can I make a differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent or independent transfer
requirements include client specific or cross client objects in the change
requests. Workbench objects like SAPscripts are client specific, some entries
in customizing are client independent. If you display the object list for one
change request, and then for each object the object attributes, you will find
the flag client specific. If one object in the task list has this flag on, then
that transport will be client dependent.
23.
What
is the difference between macro and subroutine? - Macros can only be used in the program they
are defined in and only after the definition are expanded at compilation /
generation. Subroutines (FORM) can be called from both the program they are
defined in and other programs. A MACRO is more or less an abbreviation for some
lines of code that are used more than once or twice. A FORM is a local
subroutine (which can be called external). A FUNCTION is (more or less) a
subroutine that is called external. Since debugging a MACRO is not really
possible, prevent the use of them (I've never used them, but seen them in
action). If the subroutine is used only local (called internal) use a FORM. If
the subroutine is called external (used by more than one program) use a
FUNCTION.
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